英语论文频道

定语从句不仅出现在单选试题中，而且在阅读理解中也有大量由where引导的定语从句这一结构的句子。为帮助学生更进一步理解和掌握where引导的定语从句这一知识要点，论文结合近年来高考英语试题，对其做一分析和归纳。
一、先行词（表示具体地点的名词）+关系副词（where）+定语从句
1. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ___ life has developed gradually.
（2010福建卷）
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
解析：先行词为planet，表示地点，从句中的动词develop为不及物动词,从句不缺少成分，故排除选项中的关系代词that, which, whose，选择where在从句中作状语。
2. — Where did you get to know her?
— It was on the farm ___ we worked. (2007山东卷)
A. that B. there
C. which D. where
解析：解答此题的关键是，勿把答句误认为是强调句。it指的是“认识她的那个地方”，先行词为the farm，work是不及物动词，不需要宾语，故选择where在从句中作状语。
3. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___ they learn simple games and songs. (2007全国卷Ⅰ)
A. then B. there
C. while D. where
解析：先行词为a day-care center,表地点，选择where在从句中作地点状语。
[小结]
由上述三个例句说明：做好此类结构的题目，首先要确定从句中的谓语动词是不是不及物动词，其次看先行词是不是表地点的名词。如果具备这两点：从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词，先行词又是表地点的名词，毫无疑问应用关系副词where。这类题目在高考中属于比较容易的类型，考生易于掌握。
但在2010年高考英语天津卷中，在对这一句子结构的考查形式上增加了难度，请看下题：
Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut ?
You should try the barber’s ___ I go. It’s only 15. （2010天津卷）
A. as B. which
C. where D. that
解析：从句中的go是不及物动词，从句不缺少成分，所以排除选项中的关系代词as, which, that。the barber’s = the barber’s house 表地点，故应选择where在从句中作状语。
值得注意的是：
1. 先行词虽然是表地点的名词，但引导定语从句的关系词不一定用where。如：
York, ___ last year,is a nice old city. （2003北京卷）
A. that I visited
B. which I visited
C. where I visited
D. in which I visited
解析：先行词为York，地点名词，从句中谓语动词visit是及物动词，用关系代词作从句的宾语成分，故应选B. which I visited。
2. 先行词为地点名词，且在从句中作状语成分，关系词也可以用in / at /on which替代。in用于某一空间范围，at用于平面上的某一点，有时也可以用on。如：
(1) The place ___ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ___ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
（2005江苏卷）
A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which
解析：第一个空格后的定语从句不缺少成分，先行词又是地点名词place，在从句中作状语，故可填at which或where。第二个空格后的句子也不缺少成分，由题意可知，应用where引导表语从句，故应选C. at which; where。
(2) Is this the house ___ Shakespeare was born? （1988全国卷）
A. at where B. which
C. in which D. at which
解析：先行词the house，表空间范围的地点名词，从句中不缺少成分，应用关系副词where或in which作状语，故应选C. in which。
3. 先行词为地点名词，从句中的介词有时不可省略。如：
The house I grew up ___ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （2009江西卷）
A. in it B. in
C. in that D. in which
解析：the house后面I grew up这个句子是定语从句，grew up是不及物动词，而the house在从句中作宾语，显然需要加介词，构成The house (which / that) I grew up in...的结构，而which / that关系代词可以省略，故选B. in。
二、先行词（表示家具、衣物、工具等名词）+关系副词（where）+定语从句
1. If a shop has chairs ___ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. （2005，上海卷）
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
解析：先行词为chairs，是表示具体事物的名词，又知定语从句中不缺少成分。根据句意可把 chairs看作表地点的名词，在从句中作状语，故选D. where。
2. There were dirty marks on her trou